Ernest Hemingway, in The Sun Also Rises, wrote about the festival of San Fermin and the running of the bulls in which Iberian city?

The correct answer is Pamplona, as it is the city famous for hosting the festival of San Fermin, which includes the iconic event of the running of the bulls. This festival takes place annually in July and is deeply rooted in local traditions, celebrating the patron saint of the city, San Fermin. Hemingway’s novel "The Sun Also Rises" vividly describes the excitement and atmosphere of this festival, ultimately bringing global attention to both Pamplona and the cultural significance of the event.

The other cities mentioned, while notable in their own right, do not host the running of the bulls or the San Fermin festival. Lisbon, as the capital of Portugal, is known for its rich history and culture but does not feature this specific celebration. Cadiz and Malaga, both located in Spain, have their own local festivals and traditions but are not associated with the San Fermin festival or the running of the bulls, making Pamplona the distinctly correct choice for this question.